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991.
大面积开荒扰动下的三江平原近45年气候变化 总被引:83,自引:2,他引:83
黑龙江省三江平原近45年来,经过大规模的开荒,农田已取代原来的沼泽和沼泽化湿地,成为现今三江平原的主要景观类型,其下垫面发生了巨大变化,采用1955-1999年三江平原地区21个气象台站的气温,降水,日照时数和气压4个要素的资料,分析近45年来三江平原的气候变化和发展趋势:用Yamamoto法和Mann-Kendall法对5年滑动平均的区域季节和年时间序列进行突变检测,定量地认述了三江平原地区的气候变化事实,对于各气候要素出现在20世纪60年代,70年代和80年代的突变事实,尤其是20世纪70年代以来的阶梯式的持续变暖事实,认为三江平原区域气候系统内部的变化可能是引起这些突变的直接原因。 相似文献
992.
993.
994.
BP和RBF神经网络技术以其强大的学习功能应用于水资源分类 ,取得了很好的效果。但当不具备已知样本时 ,以上技术很难应用。提出了可塑性较强、无监督的A -K网络模型 ,阐述了其基本原理和算法 ,并将其用于水文水资源研究领域中。实例表明 ,该方法能较理想地解决已知样本的分类问题 ,具有良好的应用前景 相似文献
995.
通过对淮北市地质、水文地质条件的综合分析 ,建立了淮北市双含水层系统水文地质概念模型。引入准三维流数学模型进行地下水动态预报及建立地下水管理模型。用线性规划模型提出淮北市地下水资源的最佳管理方案。最后提出开展地下水回灌研究、建立岩溶含水层地下水库、限制发展耗水型工业及用法律和经济手段管理水资源开发等建议 相似文献
996.
岩浆流体在热液矿床形成中的作用 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
岩浆流体在浅部分离为岩浆卤水和蒸汽相 ,CO2 、SO2 的加入将增加不混溶区间。Ag ,Zn ,Pb ,Sn等在高盐度卤水中呈氯化络合物的形式搬运 ,Cu、Au呈I价态的二硫化络合物的形式在富硫的蒸汽相中搬运。岩浆流体与大气水混合的稀释和热效应 ,是导致Sn元素沉淀的主要机制 ,流体混合需要长期稳定的抽送系统 :( 1)对流体界面混合 ;( 2 )两组裂隙处相遇混合。斑岩Cu矿床早期以岩浆流体为主导 ,晚期大气水普遍存在。反应性强、富含金属的岩浆流体从侵入体往外运移并且与主岩反应 ,形成带状分布的蚀变矿物组合。高硫化浅成热液矿床的早期以流体对主岩的广泛淋滤为特征 ,流体呈酸性和氧化性。密度差使得低盐度液体与深处高盐度卤水在空间上分离。低硫化浅成热液矿床的成矿流体呈低盐度、中性pH值和处于还原性、静水压力条件 ,流体沸腾是成矿卸载的主要机制。富Au型矿床与低盐度富气相流体有关 ,富Ag型矿床与较高盐度的流体有关。在热液系统的寿命中 ,导致矿化的流体活动仅在短暂的时期内存在。热液系统之间在岩浆标志上的变异是由于岩浆流体的间歇性贡献或缺失造成的。 相似文献
997.
Chuan-Chou Shen David W. Hastings Typhoon Lee Chin-Hsin Chiu Meng-Yang Lee Kuo-Yen Wei R. Lawrence Edwards 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2001,190(3-4):197-209
Glacial–interglacial variation in the marine Sr/Ca ratio has important implications for coral Sr thermometry [J.W. Beck et al., Science 257 (1992) 644–647]. A possible variation of 1–3% was proposed based on ocean models [H.M. Stoll and D.P. Schrag, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62 (1998) 1107–1118]. Subsequently, studies have used fossil foraminifera to test this prediction [P.A. Martin et al., Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 1 (1999); H.M. Stoll et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63 (1999) 3535–3547; H. Elderfield et al., Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 1 (2000)]. But whether some component of foraminiferal Sr/Ca variation can be uniquely ascribed to seawater Sr variation is still not clear. To address this question, we developed cleaning and analysis techniques and measured Sr/Ca ratios on individual shells of the modern benthic foraminifer Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi. We showed that different size shells have different Sr/Ca ratios; however, samples with shell sizes of 355–500 μm appear to have normally distributed Sr/Ca ratios (1σ=1.8%). For multi-shell measurements (with estimated errors of 0.12–0.39%), the ratio varied by as much as 7.2±0.5% during the last glaciation for two Caribbean records at the same site and by 3.7±0.5% over the past 40,000 yr for one record from the Sierra Leone Rise in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. The two Caribbean records are very similar indicating that the behavior of shell Sr uptake was identical locally and that the shell Sr/Ca ratio faithfully reflects the local environment. The Atlantic record differs from the Caribbean records by as much as several percent. Thus, the foraminiferal Sr/Ca changes cannot be solely due to changes in seawater Sr/Ca unless the glacial deep ocean had spatial variation in Sr/Ca well in excess of the modern ocean. Certain similarities between the three records do exist. Notably, the rate of change of Sr/Ca is similar between 9 and 0 ka (−0.25%/kyr) and between 25 and 16 ka (+0.16%/kyr). This suggests that during these intervals, benthic foraminiferal Sr/Ca was affected by similar large-scale variables. One of these variables may be the average marine Sr/Ca ratio; however, comparison with model predictions [H.M. Stoll and D.P. Schrag, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62 (1998) 1107–1118] suggests other factors must also be considered. The discrepancies between the two sites may be related to the different water mass histories for the Caribbean and eastern Atlantic. Our results suggest that variation of the seawater Sr budget only partially contributed to C. wuellerstorfi Sr/Ca records, while other significant factors still need to be quantified. At present we cannot confidently determine past seawater Sr/Ca variation from our foraminiferal records. 相似文献
998.
Tectonics of Precambrian basement of the Tarim craton 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The Altyn Tagh Mountain is the main area where the Precambrian basements of Tarim craton are exposed. There are two ophiolitic
belts in Altyn Tagh: one belt is exposed in the northern margin of Altyn Tagh whose formation age is about (829±60) Ma, the
other is situated along the southern margin of Altyn Tagh and has a formation age of about (1449±270) Ma. This paper proposes
a simple tectonic model for the Precambrian basement of Tarim craton established from ophiolites in Altyn Tagh area. The south
Tarim block had amalgamated with Qaidam block during about 1400-1500 Ma along the present Altyn fault, while the south Tarim-Qaidam
united block was still separated from the north Tarim block by an ocean. The united block of south Tarim and Qaidam collided
with north Tarim block along the zone of high positive anomaly of central Tarim, Hongliugou and Lapeiquan in about 800 Ma.
So since the Sinian (beginning at 800 Ma) there has been an integrated basement for Tarim craton. 相似文献
999.
Introduction of species evolutionary sequence into the quantitative biostratigraphy is a significant work, either for studying
biologic evolution or for making stratigraphic correlation and reconstructing geologic history. The quantitative biostratigraphy
is to determine biostratigraphic event sequences by using probabilistic analysis. The evolutionary sequence systematics can
efficiently ascertain species evolutionary sequences. Two methods have been proposed to determine the sequence of species-disappearance
events: (1) species extinction events can be closed by last occurrence events using quantitative biostratigraphic analysis;
(2) the duration of a species may be approximately replaced by the duration of its parent species. To combine these two methods
for determining the sequence of species disappearance is the best way up to now. A consulting standard sequence that consists
of the speciation sequence of Permian waagenophylloid corals and the biostratigraphic event sequence of other important fossils
in Permian is used as an example. The group spearman rank-correlation test is used to test the consulting standard sequence
by comparing four types of calculations and two kinds of sequences and to find abnormal events. Based on the found abnormal
events in the test, the consulting standard sequence is revised to deal with different conditions. Sequences of speciation
and species-disappearance, and species duration are determined. Application of species evolutionary sequence to quantitative
biostratigraphy can largely improve the quality of biostratigraphic event sequence. In stratigraphic correlation, furthermore,
event sequences have higher precision than range biozones. 相似文献
1000.